Journal of Liver Cancer

Review Articles

Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: consideration for selecting second-line treatment: Bo Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park; J Liver Cancer. 2021;21(2):124-138. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2021.09.23

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Several molecular-targeted agents have been tested as first- or second-line therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but failed to improve clinical outcomes; sorafenib has been the only approved systemic agent for treating HCC for almost 10 years. Regorafenib resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival and thus was approved for HCC patients previously treated with sorafenib. Subsequently, cabozantinib and ramucirumab demonstrated superior overall survival compared with placebos in phase III clinical trials. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab with or without ipilimumab and pembrolizumab are also available in some countries for patients who are unresponsive to sorafenib. Some second-line agents are available for patients who are unresponsive to sorafenib; however, little is known about the considerations for selecting appropriate secondline systemic agents. Hence, this study aimed to review the current and future perspectives of second-line systemic agents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Expression of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 Is Closely Associated with Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Sunho Uhm, Yoon Cho, Ji-Young Choe, Ji Park, Min-Jeong Kim, Won-Ho Han, Junyong Lee, Jung Lee, Dong Shin, Jae Soh, Hyun Lim, Ho Kang, Sung-Hoon Moon, Sung-Eun Kim
Diagnostics.2023; 13(4): 659. CrossRef
Expert consensus on the management of adverse events in patients receiving lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma
Bo Hyun Kim, Su Jong Yu, Wonseok Kang, Sung Bum Cho, Soo Young Park, Seung Up Kim, Do Young Kim
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(3): 428. CrossRef

Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Kim, Bo Hyun , Park, Joong Won; J Liver Cancer. 2018;18(1):17-22. Published online March 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.18.1.17

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Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has markedly changed since 2007, with the approval of sorafenib. Sorafenib improved the overall survival of patients with advanced HCC; however, the modest efficacy and toxicity of this therapy present unmet needs. Subsequently, a variety of molecular targeted agents have been tested as first-line or secondline therapies but have failed, and sorafenib has remained the only approved systemic agent for almost 10 years. Recently, regorafenib significantly improved overall survival and was approved for patients with HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib. Nivolumab, a programmed death protein-1 inhibitor, was also approved as second-line therapy, based on remarkable response rates.

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Analysis of Existing Guidelines and Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trials for Development of [Guideline of Clinical Trial on Herbal Medicinal Product for Liver Cancer]
Ga-jin Han, Dong-hun Kim, Eun-joo Park, Sin Seong, Sung-su Kim, Jung-tae Leem
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2019; 40(1): 89. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Management for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Lung Metastasis: Han Jo Jeon, Tae Hyung Kim, Soon Ho Um, Yeon Seok Seo, Hyun Seo Kim, Ki Joon Lim, Seung Woon Park, Han Ah Lee, Dong-Sik Kim; J Liver Cancer. 2016;16(2):129-133. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.16.2.129

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Abstract PDF: Liver cancer is the 2nd most common cause of cancer related death in Korea. Especially, patients who present extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a shorter life expectancy (50% survival at 1 year and less than 4 months of median overall survival). Molecular target agent like sorafenib was usually mentioned as a treatment for them, but that was still not firmly established. We present a 75 year-old who had expanding nodular type of HCC. The mass was removed by resection and radiofrequency ablation. However, lung metastasis were revealed shortly after surgery. That lesions were treated with lenvatinib and systemic chemotherapy.

Review Articles

New Treatment Response Evaluation Criteria and Current Therapeutics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Hyung Joon Yim; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2009;9(1):17-23. Published online June 30, 2009

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Abstract PDF: There has been no proven effective therapy in the setting of advanced HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) according to BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer). Targeted therapy opened a new era in this subset of patients. Although sorafenib showed survival benefit, objective tumor response is uncommon, while systemic chemotherapies sometimes show partial tumor response without statistically significant survival benefits. These findings suggest evaluation of treatment response should not depend on conventional treatment response evaluation criteria. Overall survival is now considered to be the most important endpoint and time to disease progression can be secondary endpoint. Time to recurrence is the primary endpoint after the curative therapy. Currently, targeted therapy in addition to known curative or palliative therapy is now under investigation for synergistic effects, and new therapeutic agents are under development. Such advancement in the treatment of HCC will certainly have a great impact on patients’ survival in the near future.

New Targeted Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Joong-Won Park; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2008;8(1):16-17. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) present with advanced stage tumors at the time of initial diagnosis, only about 30%, who present with early stage tumors, undergo radical therapies such as resection, liver transplantation, and percutaneous ablation. Thus, over 50% of HCC patients receive palliative treatments. The newly developed, molecularly targeted agents, sorafenib is the first agent that has shown significant survival benefits for European and American patients with advanced HCC and sets the new standard for the first-line treatment of these patients. The role of sorafenib and other promising agents should be examined in the adjuvant setting after RFA, TACE, surgical resection or selective settings in liver transplantation in an attempt to improve further the outcomes of these patients.

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